What are the 4 Subtypes of Rosacea and How to Treat Them

Rosacea is a common, chronic skin condition affecting many people with sensitive skin types. It often manifests as facial redness and can sometimes lead to more severe symptoms. Understanding the four subtypes of rosacea and how to treat them can help with managing this condition effectively. This guide will explore the characteristics of each subtype and provide practical skincare options.

1.  Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea (ETR)

Characteristics:

Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea, often referred to as ETR, is characterised by persistent facial redness, visible blood vessels (telangiectasia), and a tendency to blush or flush easily. The skin may feel sensitive and sometimes burn or sting.

Treatment Tips:

• Gentle Skincare: Use products specifically formulated for sensitive skin. Avoid harsh cleansers and exfoliants that can aggravate redness.
• Topical Treatments: Anti-inflammatory creams and gels can help reduce redness and irritation.
• Laser Therapy: For persistent redness and visible blood vessels, laser treatments can be effective.
• Sun Protection: Always use broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect the skin from UV rays, which can worsen symptoms.

2. Papulopustular Rosacea

Characteristics:

Papulopustular Rosacea is characterised by redness, swelling, and acne-like breakouts. These breakouts are often mistaken for acne but differ because they occur alongside persistent redness and sensitivity.

Treatment:

• Topical Antibiotics: Medications like metronidazole and clindamycin can help reduce inflammation and clear up breakouts.
• Oral Antibiotics: For more severe cases, oral antibiotics may be prescribed to control symptoms, always consult with a medical professional to see if it’s right for you.
• Skincare Routine: Use non-comedogenic, fragrance-free products to avoid further irritation.
• Skincare Products: Opt for specialised creams,  enriched with Vitamin E and Niacinamide, which helps to calm and nourish irritated skin, providing fast relief from redness and inflammation.

3. Phymatous Rosacea

Characteristics:

Phymatous Rosacea is less common and often affects the nose, leading to thickened skin and a bumpy texture. This subtype can also affect the chin, forehead, and cheeks, and is more common in men.

Treatment:

• Medications: Oral and topical treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent progression.
• Laser Therapy: Laser treatments can reduce thickened skin and improve appearance.
• Surgical Options: In severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to remove excess tissue.
• Skincare: Gentle cleansing and moisturising are crucial to keep the skin healthy.

4.  Ocular Rosacea

Characteristics:

Ocular Rosacea affects the eyes, causing redness, dryness, and irritation. Symptoms may include a gritty feeling in the eyes, sensitivity to light, and swollen eyelids.

Treatment:

• Good Eye Hygiene: Keep the eyelids clean and free from debris. Use gentle cleansers designed for sensitive skin.
• Artificial Tears: Lubricating eye drops can help alleviate dryness and discomfort.
• Medications: Antibiotic eye drops or oral antibiotics may be prescribed to control symptoms.
• Regular Check-Ups: Regular visits to an eye specialist are essential to monitor and manage symptoms.

Comparing the 4 Subtypes of Rosacea

Rosacea manifests in four distinct subtypes, each with unique characteristics. Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea (ETR) is marked by persistent facial redness and visible blood vessels, causing the skin to blush or flush easily. Papulopustular Rosacea, often confused with acne, presents with redness, swelling, and acne-like breakouts alongside persistent sensitivity. Phymatous Rosacea is characterised by thickened, bumpy skin, primarily affecting the nose but also the chin, forehead, and cheeks, and is more common in men. Lastly, Ocular Rosacea impacts the eyes, leading to redness, dryness, and irritation, with symptoms like a gritty feeling, light sensitivity, and swollen eyelids. Understanding these subtypes helps you understand what treatment plans are needed to manage and reduce symptoms.

Rosacea Management

Understanding the four subtypes of rosacea and their specific treatments is crucial for managing this chronic condition. With a tailored skincare routine and rosacea cream products, you can significantly reduce symptoms and improve your skin’s health and appearance. Embrace these practices to keep your rosacea under control and enjoy a more comfortable, confident life.

Learn more about the causes and treatments for redness of the face (Rosacea) here. 

References

National Library of Medicine
Health Direct – Rosacea
Better Health – Rosacea